Family Nurse Practitioner Exam

What is a common side effect of beta-blockers, such as propranolol, in migraine treatment?

1. A) Increased heart rate

2. B) Hypotension

3. C) Weight gain

4. D) Drowsiness

The correct answer is: B) Hypotension

Propranolol, a beta-blocker commonly used for migraine prophylaxis, can lead to hypotension as a notable side effect. Beta-blockers work by blocking the effects of adrenaline on beta-adrenergic receptors, which slows the heart rate and reduces cardiac output, ultimately leading to decreased blood pressure. This mechanism is beneficial in treating conditions like hypertension and certain types of anxiety, and it helps prevent migraines. Hypotension can occur because the medication decreases the systemic vascular resistance and cardiac workload. It’s important for healthcare providers to monitor patients for signs of low blood pressure, especially at the beginning of treatment or when the dosage is adjusted. In contrast, other potential side effects such as increased heart rate are not typically associated with beta-blockers, as they usually lower the heart rate. Weight gain can occur but is less common and may vary by individual. Drowsiness can also occur but is generally more associated with other classes of medications rather than primarily with beta-blockers like propranolol. Therefore, recognizing hypotension is crucial when using propranolol for migraine management.