Family Nurse Practitioner Exam

What is a common side effect of nifedipine (Procardia XL)?

1. Hyperuricemia and hypoglycemia

2. Hyperkalemia and angioedema

3. Edema of the ankles and headache

4. Dry hacking cough

The correct answer is: Edema of the ankles and headache

Nifedipine, particularly in its extended-release formulation (Procardia XL), is a calcium channel blocker commonly used to treat hypertension and angina. A well-known side effect of nifedipine is peripheral edema, which often manifests as swelling in the ankles. This occurs due to the drug's vasodilatory effects, leading to increased capillary hydrostatic pressure and subsequent leakage of fluid into the surrounding tissues. Additionally, headaches are another frequent side effect, which can arise due to the vasodilation caused by the medication. The widening of blood vessels lowers systemic vascular resistance; however, this sudden change can activate pain receptors and lead to headaches, especially in susceptible individuals. The combination of ankle edema and headaches makes these symptoms a common concern for patients taking nifedipine. Other options listed do not align as closely with the pharmacological effects of the drug; for instance, dry cough is typically associated with ACE inhibitors, while hyperuricemia and hypoglycemia, along with hyperkalemia and angioedema, are not characteristic adverse effects of nifedipine.