Family Nurse Practitioner Exam

What primary organ system is impacted by chronic NSAID usage according to studies?

1. Musculoskeletal system

2. Endocrine system

3. Gastrointestinal system

4. Immune system

The correct answer is: Gastrointestinal system

Chronic usage of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is known to have significant effects on the gastrointestinal system. These medications can lead to the development of gastric mucosal injury, ulceration, and increased bleeding risk. This is largely due to their mechanism of action, which involves the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes that are crucial for the production of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins play a protective role in the gastrointestinal tract, helping to maintain the mucosal barrier, stimulate mucus and bicarbonate secretion, and promote adequate blood flow to the gastric mucosa. When the synthesis of these protective prostaglandins is reduced by NSAIDs, the lining of the stomach and intestines becomes more susceptible to damage from gastric acid and other irritants, leading to inflammation, ulcer formation, and potential complications such as perforation or hemorrhage. Understanding this risk is vital for healthcare providers when prescribing NSAIDs, particularly for patients who may require long-term use, as they need to monitor for gastrointestinal side effects and consider co-prescribing gastroprotective agents when appropriate.