Family Nurse Practitioner Exam

Which of the following predictive indicators signals a potential personality disorder in older adults?

1. Anxiety attacks

2. Chronic deprecation of others

3. Substance abuse

4. Long-standing patterns of manipulation

The correct answer is: Long-standing patterns of manipulation

The presence of long-standing patterns of manipulation is a significant predictive indicator of potential personality disorders in older adults. Personality disorders are characterized by enduring patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience that deviate from the cultural norm. Manipulation often reflects underlying maladaptive interpersonal styles and can be associated with various personality disorders, especially those within the cluster B category, such as borderline, antisocial, or narcissistic personality disorder. These patterns are typically stable over time and can persist into older age, making them a critical consideration when assessing for potential personality disorders. While anxiety attacks, chronic deprecation of others, and substance abuse may be relevant in the context of mental health and could indicate various psychological issues, they do not specifically signify a personality disorder. Anxiety attacks can occur independently and are often related to anxiety disorders rather than personality pathology. Chronic deprecation of others can signal irritability or mood-related issues but again is not a definitive indicator of personality disorders by itself. Substance abuse may arise in individuals with personality disorders but is not exclusively indicative of one. The stability and consistency of manipulation behaviors provide a clearer link to potential personality disorder diagnoses in older adults.