Family Nurse Practitioner Exam

Which of the following symptoms would most likely indicate chronic kidney disease?

1. Sudden weight loss

2. Nausea and vomiting

3. Increased urination at night

4. Lethargy and fatigue

The correct answer is: Lethargy and fatigue

Lethargy and fatigue are common symptoms associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to the accumulation of toxins in the bloodstream as kidney function declines. The kidneys play a critical role in filtering waste products from the blood, and when they become less efficient, patients often experience a decrease in energy levels. This fatigue can be compounded by anemia, which is frequently seen in CKD due to reduced erythropoietin production by the kidneys. In contrast, while symptoms like nausea and vomiting can occur in various conditions, they are not specific indicators of CKD. Sudden weight loss may suggest acute issues or other systemic conditions rather than a chronic process. Increased urination at night, known as nocturia, can be related to various issues, including diabetes or urinary tract infections, and is not exclusively indicative of chronic kidney disease. Therefore, lethargy and fatigue serve as more definitive symptoms aligned with the gradual and progressive nature of chronic kidney disease.