Family Nurse Practitioner Exam

Which type of hepatitis virus infection is more likely to result in chronic hepatitis and an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma?

1. Hepatitis A virus

2. Hepatitis B virus

3. Hepatitis C virus

4. Both hepatitis B and hepatitis C

The correct answer is: Both hepatitis B and hepatitis C

The correct answer emphasizes that both hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses are more frequently associated with chronic hepatitis and a subsequent increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has a significant potential for chronic infection, especially when contracted at a young age. Approximately 5% to 10% of adults who become infected will develop chronic hepatitis, and this risk is much higher in infants and young children. Chronic HBV infection can lead to liver inflammation, cirrhosis, and ultimately, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Similarly, hepatitis C virus (HCV) is another major cause of chronic liver disease. While a smaller percentage of acute infections lead to chronicity compared to HBV, around 75% to 85% of individuals with acute hepatitis C will progress to a chronic state. Chronic HCV infection also significantly contributes to liver damage over time, which can culminate in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In contrast, hepatitis A virus (HAV) is typically an acute infection that does not lead to chronic disease or increase the risk of liver cancer. This key difference underscores why only HBV and HCV are implicated in terms of chronic hepatitis and elevated cancer risk. Therefore,